Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common nerve compression disorders of the upper limb. The condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm through a narrow passage in the wrist called the carpal tunnel, becomes compressed or irritated.

The median nerve is responsible for providing sensation to the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger, and it also controls certain muscles at the base of the thumb. When this nerve is compressed, patients often experience:

 

• Numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
• Pain or discomfort in the wrist, palm, or forearm
• Weakness or clumsiness while gripping or holding objects
• Night-time symptoms that disturb sleep
  In advanced stages, persistent compression can lead to muscle wasting and permanent loss of hand strength if left untreated.

 

Diagnosis and Initial Management

Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), and sometimes ultrasound imaging to assess nerve compression.
In early cases, conservative treatments such as wrist splinting (especially at night), anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle modification (avoiding repetitive strain) may provide relief.

If symptoms persist or worsen despite non-surgical care, surgical decompression is recommended to prevent further nerve damage.

Surgical Treatment – Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal Tunnel Release (CTR) is a safe, minimally invasive day-care surgery designed to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
During the procedure, a small incision (usually about 2–3 cm) is made on the palm over the carpal tunnel. The transverse carpal ligament, which forms the roof of the tunnel, is carefully divided to release the pressure on the underlying median nerve.
This simple yet highly effective procedure takes approximately 20–30 minutes, and patients can usually go home the same day.

 

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After surgery, a light dressing is applied, and the hand is kept elevated for the first few days to reduce swelling.
Most patients notice improvement in numbness and tingling within days, although full recovery of strength and sensation may take a few weeks. Early gentle finger and wrist movements are encouraged, and normal daily activities can typically resume within 2–3 weeks.
For those with long-standing compression, a structured hand therapy program may be advised to optimize recovery and strengthen the hand.